What is the primary function of a transformer in the electrical grid?

The primary function of a transformer in the electrical grid is to adjust voltage levels for efficient power transmission. This is critical because electricity is usually transmitted over long distances at high voltages to minimize energy loss due to resistance in the wires. By stepping up the voltage for transmission and then stepping it down for distribution to consumers, transformers play a vital role in ensuring that electrical energy is delivered efficiently, with reduced losses.

High voltage levels are more efficient for long-distance travel, as they allow the current to be lower, thus reducing the heat generated in the conductors. Once the electricity reaches its destination, transformers reduce the voltage to a safer and more usable level for homes and businesses. This process of voltage adjustment is essential to effective and reliable power distribution in the electrical grid.